Grade 11 Chemistry Blog

Unit 2: Chemical Reactions During the Manufacturing of Paper and Its Effect on Local Populations, and the Environment https://sciencing.com/chemical-reactions-used-manufacturing-paper-13973.html This article strongly relates to what we learned about combustion reactions and double displacement reactions. During the kraft pulping process, Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) reacts with lime or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) which is a double displacement reaction. This reaction produces NaOH and CaCO3 (limestone). Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is burned (combustion) to give back calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 and CO2). In this article, it talks about the various processes of manufacturing paper including kraft pulping, acid sulfite pulping, bleaching, and wet strengthening. Kraft pulping is the process of wood chips being combined with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide in water at a high temperature and with great pressure. By doing this, the negatively charged sulfide ions react with...

Bleach is a generic name for a variety of chemical products which include products to whiten clothes, lighten hair colour and remove stains. I will be specifically talking about Clorox Bleach which is a dilute solution of sodium hypochlorite. However sodium hypochlorite, the bleaching, stain removal, and disinfecting ingredient isn’t the only ingredient in Clorox Bleach. Other ingredients include sodium chloride (table salt), which thickens and stabilizes the solution; Sodium carbonate (washing soda), which is an alkaline cleaning agent that breaks down alcohol and grease stains; and Sodium hydroxide (lye) which is also an alkaline cleaning agent that breaks down fatty, oily or acidic stains; and finally, Sodium polyacrylate which is a dispersant that prevents loosened soils from depositing back on fabrics during the laundry cycle. The Clorox Company makes its own sodium hypochlorite by buying commercial chlorine, which is prepared by passing an electric current ...